Overview
Your home's pipes are likely one of several materials: PEX (flexible plastic), copper, CPVC (rigid plastic), galvanized steel, or cast iron (drain lines). Each has different lifespans, repair methods, and considerations. Knowing what's in your home helps you understand repair options and costs.
How It Works
Each material has different properties: PEX is flexible and freeze-tolerant. Copper is durable and long-lasting but more expensive. CPVC is affordable but can become brittle over time. Galvanized steel corrodes and restricts flow. For drains, cast iron is quiet but heavy; PVC is light and easy to work with. Identifying your pipe material helps you understand repair options, costs, and whether a repipe might be in your future.
Key Components
PEX
Flexible cross-linked polyethylene. Modern, freeze-resistant, easy to repair. Common in homes built after 2000.
Copper
Rigid metal pipes. Long-lasting (50+ years). Can develop pinhole leaks in acidic water. Soldered or pressed fittings.
CPVC
Chlorinated PVC. Rigid plastic. Common in homes built 1990–2010. Solvent-welded fittings.
Galvanized Steel
Older supply pipe (pre-1960s). Corrodes from inside, reducing pressure. Often replaced with PEX or copper.
Cast Iron
Older drain pipe. Long-lasting but can corrode. Quiet and durable. Often replaced with PVC.
PVC
Rigid plastic drain pipe. Modern standard for drain lines. Lightweight and inexpensive.
Common Issues
Low pressure in older home
Galvanized steel pipes corroding from inside.
Pinhole leaks in copper
Acidic water or corrosion. May indicate systemic pipe failure.
Brittle CPVC cracking
Age or improper installation. May need replacement.
Pinhole leak in PEX
Maintenance Tips
- Identify your pipe material — look at exposed pipes in the basement or crawlspace.
- If you have galvanized steel, plan for eventual repipe as pressure drops.
- If you have copper, watch for pinhole leaks — they can indicate water chemistry issues.
- PEX is the most common replacement material for repipes — flexible and freeze-resistant.